About The Electrode Materials of Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors are called electric double layer capacitors and farad capacitors, which have been developed since the 1980s. Unlike traditional capacitors, supercapacitors are a new type of electrochemical capacitors, which are between capacitors and batteries, and do not undergo chemical reactions during the energy storage process.

Supercapacitors have the characteristics of fast charging speed, hundreds of thousands of times of charging and discharging, energy storage, environmental protection and no pollution, etc., and gradually replace batteries, and have great market potential.

Supercapacitors are mainly composed of electrodes, current collectors, separators between electrodes and electrolyte. Among them, electrode material is one of the key factors affecting and determining the performance of supercapacitors. The electrode materials for supercapacitors include carbon-based electrode materials, metal oxide electrode materials, and conductive polymer electrode materials. There are many classifications of carbon-based electrode materials, metal oxide electrode materials, and conductive polymer electrode materials.

Among the supercapacitor electrode materials, carbon-based materials are the earliest research and mature technology. The most studied carbon-based electrode materials are: activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, and carbon aerogel.

1. Activated carbon is the carbon electrode material used in supercapacitors at the beginning. Its performance advantages are: large specific surface area; developed pore structure; high chemical stability; simple process; low cost, suitable for large-scale production.

2. Activated carbon fiber: It is an environmentally friendly material with a stronger adsorption function than activated carbon. The high surface area activated carbon fiber cloth obtained from it has been successfully used as a commercial electrode material.

3.Carbon aerogel: It is a networked carbon material with a cross-linked structure. It has porosity, good conductivity, large surface area, high porosity, wide pore size distribution, and can conduct electricity. It is ideal electrode material for preparing electric double layer capacitors.

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